The AS Physics paper assesses mechanics, waves, particle physics, and electricity. Mechanics involves force equilibrium, moments, and Hooke’s law for tension in cables. Waves cover refractive index, interference, and wavelength calculations for infrared radiation and light behavior. Particle physics evaluates quark structure, specific charge, photon interactions, and Feynman diagrams. Electricity focuses on EMF, resistance, and power dissipation in circuits with variable resistors and lamps. Energy transfers, including kinetic and potential energy, are analyzed in systems like cyclists on inclines. Practical problem-solving includes experimental data interpretation and real-world applications of core physical principles.