1. Flexible part-time contracts: Benefits include cost control through workforce flexibility and enhanced employee morale from better work-life balance.

2. Communication process innovation: Risks involve potential resistance from employees due to change and possible disruptions during the transition phase.

3. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present Value (NPV):
- ARR calculation: Based on expected annual return as a percentage of investment.
- NPV: Discounted cash flow to evaluate project profitability over time.

4. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED):
- Calculation of PED when price changes from $90 to $81 per tonne, determining demand sensitivity.
- Marketing decisions based on elasticity insights to optimize pricing strategies.

5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Evaluation of environmental, social, and ethical considerations in GBS’s decision to expand land use, balancing profitability with stakeholder expectations.