1. Logic expressions and circuits: Questions involve identifying logic statements, drawing circuits, and analyzing truth tables.

2. Embedded systems: Identify characteristics, differentiate between monitoring and control systems, and assess the use of primary memory, secondary storage, and buffers.

3. Data processing: Impact of changing microphone sampling rates, real-time vs. on-demand bit streaming, and parity checks for data verification.

4. Programming: Debugging advantages of interpreters, compiling benefits, and application in processor instruction sets like LDM, ADD, and bit manipulation.

5. Databases: 3NF normalization, database management system features (data dictionary, logical schema), and SQL queries for linking foreign keys and aggregating data.

6. Networks: Comparison of bus, star, and mesh topologies; IPv4 vs. IPv6 differences; router public IP necessity.

7. Binary arithmetic: Solve binary addition problems, emphasizing steps and correctness.