The exam paper explores the history of healthcare in Britain from c.1000 to the present, focusing on the cholera epidemics, medieval medical treatments, and the contributions of figures like Edward Jenner and Robert Koch. It evaluates chance as a driving factor in medical advancements alongside other influences such as technological innovation and societal changes. Themes include the evolution of public health, the impact of medical pioneers, and the progression of treatment methods. Keywords: British healthcare history, cholera epidemics, medieval medicine, Edward Jenner, Robert Koch, public health, medical innovation, treatment evolution.