The exam paper covers advanced biological concepts with a focus on molecular biology, genetics, physiology, and ecology. Key topics include DNA replication, enzyme kinetics, gene expression regulation, population genetics, biodiversity indices, and data analysis. Practical applications such as ecological sampling, drug impact studies, and transgenic technology are explored alongside critical thinking on genetic variation, photosynthesis, and respiration. The exam integrates statistical methods, experimental design, and the analysis of biological systems, emphasizing concepts like Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, trophic dynamics, and genetic modification. Keywords include “enzyme activity,“ “population ecology,“ “DNA transcription,“ “biotechnology,“ “biodiversity metrics,“ and “genetic engineering.“