1. Coordination and response - The human nervous system, sense organs, hormones, and plant responses to stimuli.
2. Excretion and homeostasis - Regulation of internal conditions and waste removal processes.
3. Reproduction and genetics - Asexual and sexual reproduction, human reproductive system, sexually transmitted infections, chromosomes, genes, and protein synthesis.
4. Evolution and ecosystems - Variation, selection, energy flow in food webs, nutrient cycles, population dynamics, and human influences on ecosystems.
5. Biotechnology and biological processes - Genetic modification, biotechnology applications, photosynthesis, enzyme functions, and respiration mechanisms.
6. Human biology and physiology - Circulatory system, heart function, blood components, digestion, absorption, transport in plants and animals, and disease immunity.