1. Number Systems & Arithmetic | Binary, Hexadecimal, Two’s Complement, and BCD Conversions – Converting between different number representations, performing binary subtraction, and identifying overflow conditions.

2. Database Management & SQL Queries | Relational Database Design and Data Integrity – Identifying limitations of file-based storage, completing an E-R diagram, defining tables using SQL, and querying invoices for unpaid balances.

3. Computer Architecture & Hardware | CPU Functions, RAM Types, and Storage Devices – Explaining system clock and control unit roles, comparing processor performance factors, and describing the function of DRAM, SRAM, and optical discs.

4. Operating Systems & Software Management | File Handling, Compression, and IDE Features – Describing file management tasks, backup software necessity, text file compression techniques, and benefits of programming libraries.

5. Logic Circuits & Boolean Algebra | Security System Logic Expressions and Sensor Inputs – Writing Boolean logic for automated security systems, selecting appropriate sensors, and differentiating between monitoring and control systems.

6. Software Licensing & AI in Automation | Software Distribution Models and AI Applications – Comparing shareware and commercial software licensing benefits, and explaining AI-based number plate recognition in a car park system.