1. Consumer Behavior & Utility Theory | Understanding marginal utility, indifference curve preferences, and spending optimization.

2. Market Structures & Pricing Strategies | Analyzing monopoly pricing, price discrimination, predatory pricing, and firm behavior in different competitive environments.

3. Production & Costs | Long-run average cost curves, returns to scale, and the impact of cost changes on firm decisions.

4. Macroeconomic Indicators & Policy | Effects of unemployment, inflation, minimum wage policies, and economic growth on labor markets and government finances.

5. International Trade & Exchange Rates | Tariffs, balance of payments components, currency depreciation vs. devaluation, and foreign direct investment effects.

6. Income Distribution & Economic Equity | Lorenz curves, Gini coefficients, income inequality policies, and globalization′s impact on trade and living standards.