1. Rotational motion and electromagnetic induction: calculation of speed and centripetal acceleration of a rotating wheel, application of Lenz’s law, induced electromotive force (e.m.f.), and magnetic flux.

2. Gravitational field and stellar properties: gravitational field strength and potential energy due to the Sun, relationship between gravitational and radiant energy flux, calculation of solar luminosity and radius.

3. Thermal physics and phase transitions: definition and application of specific latent heat, internal energy change during vaporization, work done during phase change, comparison of latent heats of fusion and vaporization.

4. Kinetic theory and gas laws: basic assumptions of kinetic theory, molecular explanation of gas pressure, mean-square speed and pressure-volume relationships for different gases.

5. Simple harmonic motion and energy transformation: analysis of oscillating pendulum motion, determination of angular frequency and total oscillation energy, kinetic energy variation with displacement.

6. Electric fields and capacitance: Coulomb’s law, electric field lines around a charged sphere, field strength variation with distance, capacitance relationships, energy storage in capacitors, redistribution of charge in a system.