1. Life Processes & Classification | Characteristics of Living Organisms and Species Definition – Identifying essential life functions, defining species, and classifying animals based on features.

2. Cell Structure & Transport | Animal vs. Plant Cells and Active Transport – Recognizing organelles, comparing transport mechanisms, and understanding permeability of membranes.

3. Photosynthesis & Nutrients | Leaf Structure, Carbohydrates, and Vitamin Deficiencies – Identifying photosynthesis components, differentiating biological molecules, and causes of nutrient deficiencies.

4. Digestive System & Enzymes | Starch Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine – Explaining enzyme functions, food molecule breakdown, and processes of nutrient uptake.

5. Circulatory & Excretory Systems | Blood Flow, Oxygen Transport, and Urea Excretion – Identifying blood vessels, tracing oxygen movement, and understanding kidney functions.

6. Genetics & Reproduction | Mitosis, Inheritance, and Variation – Understanding mitotic division, dominant vs. recessive traits, and genetic vs. environmental variation.

7. Ecosystems & Human Impact | Food Chains, Deforestation, and Pollution Indicators – Constructing pyramids of numbers, analyzing deforestation effects, and using lichens as pollution bioindicators.

8. Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering | Insulin Production and Fermentation – Understanding genetic modification, the use of restriction enzymes, and applications of fermentation.