1. Hydrology and River Systems | Comparing hydrograph variations, factors influencing river discharge, and the formation of braided river channels, river cliffs, and point bars.

2. Climate Change and Atmospheric Processes | Examining changes in the number of mild days, the enhanced greenhouse effect, and the impact of land-sea distribution on temperature variations.

3. Mass Movement and Weathering | Analyzing types of mass movements, features of slope instability, and the effects of heave and carbonation on landforms.

4. Water Flows and Land Use Changes | Assessing how human activities alter surface and groundwater flows, including the impact of urbanization and deforestation.

5. Global Energy Budget and Precipitation | Explaining latitudinal variations in radiation, sensible heat transfer, and how frontal uplift leads to precipitation.

6. Slope Stability and Human Impact | Evaluating how human activities influence slope stability, including case studies on engineering solutions and land management practices.