1. River Flooding and Land Use Impact | Analyzing flood intensity variations in the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and how land use changes contribute to flooding.

2. Snow Cover and Climate Change | Examining seasonal snow cover trends in North America, the formation of snow, and factors affecting snow distribution.

3. Mass Movements and Slope Stability | Investigating types of mass movement, their causes, and how land features influence slope failures.

4. Hydrology and Fluvial Landforms | Explaining throughflow on slopes, how storm hydrographs are shaped by slope characteristics, and the formation of gorges.

5. Atmospheric Processes and Urban Climates | Evaluating convection, fog formation, and wind belts, and assessing the impact of human activities on urban temperatures.

6. Weathering, Erosion, and Volcanic Landforms | Understanding rock weathering processes, the formation of volcanic island arcs, and the role of rainfall in weathering rates.