1. Sampling and Variables | Definitions and applications of random sampling, dependent variables, qualitative vs. quantitative data, and mean calculation in psychological research.

2. Experimental Validity and Ethics | Analysis of ecological validity in social psychology, ethical considerations of using stooges vs. imagined people, and practical advantages of each approach.

3. Observational and Case Study Methods | Techniques for case studies on autism, structured vs. covert observations in public settings, and operationalization of observed behaviors.

4. Correlational Studies and Data Representation | Measuring sleepiness and meal timing correlation, evaluation of strengths and weaknesses of different measures, and scatter plot interpretation.

5. Research Design and Reliability | Planning a study on advertisement responses using interviews, ensuring reliability in data collection, and addressing potential limitations of interview-based research.

6. Psychological Research Applications | Discussion of field vs. laboratory experiments, practical constraints of obtaining data from children, and real-life implications of psychological methodologies.