1. Organisms & Life Processes – Fundamental life processes, characteristics of living organisms, biological functions, and adaptations.

2. Animal Physiology – Breathing and gas exchange, digestion, blood circulation, nervous and chemical coordination, homeostasis, excretion, and human reproduction.

3. Plant Physiology – Photosynthesis, transport in plants, chemical coordination, and plant reproduction.

4. Ecology & Environment – Ecosystems, food chains, biotic and abiotic factors, human environmental impact, conservation efforts.

5. Variation & Selection – Genetics, DNA, cell division, inheritance patterns, natural selection, evolution, and selective breeding.

6. Microorganisms & Genetic Modification – Microbial applications, biotechnology, and genetic engineering techniques.