1. Computer Systems and Architecture: Components of a computer system, Von Neumann architecture, fetch-decode-execute cycle, and role of virtual memory. 2. Networking and Internet: IP addresses, domain name servers, network types (LAN, WAN), network topologies, and data transmission methods. 3. Data Representation and Storage: Binary and hexadecimal conversions, data compression techniques, file size calculations, and advantages of different storage types. 4. Programming and Algorithms: Pseudocode and flowchart interpretation, debugging, identifying logic errors, and control structures (loops, conditionals). 5. Cybersecurity and Data Protection: Encryption, access control levels, authentication methods, and ethical issues in artificial intelligence. 6. Operating Systems and Software: Functions of an operating system, role of file management, high-level vs. low-level programming languages, and embedded systems in real-world applications.