1. Computer Systems and Architecture: CPU components, fetch-decode-execute cycle, memory address and registers, clock speed impact, sequential computational models. 2. Networking and Security: Network types (LAN, WAN), IP addressing, domain name systems, security threats (eavesdropping, authentication), and advantages of solid-state storage. 3. Data Representation and Processing: Binary and hexadecimal conversions, ASCII vs. Unicode, bitmap image storage calculations, and data compression methods. 4. Programming and Algorithms: Pseudocode, flowchart design, debugging techniques, high-level vs. low-level languages, and use of compilers and interpreters. 5. Cybersecurity and Ethical Hacking: Network vulnerabilities, audit trails, ethical hacking methods, and protecting business systems. 6. Cloud Computing and Online Storage: Cloud storage benefits, security risks, lossless vs. lossy compression, and URL structure breakdown.