1. Data Representation and Processing: Binary and hexadecimal conversions, ASCII vs. Unicode, logic shifts, character encoding, and image representation using binary. 2. Computer Systems and Architecture: CPU components, fetch-decode-execute cycle, Von Neumann architecture, cache memory purpose, and differences between RAM and flash memory. 3. Networking and Internet: Network types (LAN, WAN), IP addressing, DNS functions, TCP/IP model layers, and advantages of cloud storage. 4. Cybersecurity and Data Protection: Encryption methods, network security protocols, malware protection, ethical hacking, and user authentication techniques. 5. Programming and Algorithms: Pseudocode analysis, flowcharts, debugging, Boolean logic operations, and structured programming concepts. 6. Emerging Technologies and Ethical Considerations: DNA computing vs. traditional computing, quantum computing superposition, digital divide, and environmental impacts of computing technology.