1. Programming and Computational Thinking: Identifying logical operators, debugging code errors, differences between one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, and writing program comments. 2. Algorithms and Flowcharts: Implementing a login validation program, writing a decision-making program for book sales, and using boundary testing for program validation. 3. Encryption and Data Security: Implementing Caesar cipher encryption, weaknesses of the cipher, and understanding Vigenere cipher decryption. 4. Sorting and Searching Algorithms: Binary search vs. linear search efficiency, step-by-step binary search execution, and algorithm complexity for searching names in a list. 5. Software Development and Testing: Writing structured programs, testing with boundary values, implementing user-defined functions, and utilizing built-in subprograms. 6. Interactive Programming and User Input: Developing a menu-based guessing game, handling player inputs, tracking scores, ensuring game scalability, and managing file storage for data persistence.