2. movement across membranes: diffusion, osmosis, active transport; surface area to volume ratio; role of carrier proteins and energy
3. enzyme activity: lock and key theory; effect of temperature, pH, substrate concentration; enzyme denaturation
4. biological molecules: tests for starch, glucose, protein, lipids; role of water; structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
5. respiration and photosynthesis: word and symbol equations; aerobic vs anaerobic respiration; energy yield; role of chlorophyll, light, and carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
6. experimental design: variables, control, reliability, accuracy; interpreting graphs and data; making conclusions based on evidence