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Chemistry WCH16/01 January 2022 | Edexcel International A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

1. chromium redox transitions—Cr²⁺ to Cr³⁺ to CrO₄²⁻, ligand exchange, precipitate and complex ion identification
2. organic structure elucidation—mass spectrum (m/z = 114), 2,4-DNPH test, iodoform test, proton and carbon NMR interpretation
3. reaction kinetics—rate determination via 1/t, bromide concentration effect, graph analysis, rate equation deduction
4. phenylamine preparation—reduction of nitrobenzene using Sn/HCl, steam distillation, ether extraction, drying and purification steps
5. infrared spectroscopy—functional group identification in Z, ester absorption at 1750–1735 cm⁻¹, proton NMR peak assignment
6. safety and technique—use of gloves, pressure relief in separating funnel, ether heating under controlled conditions, yield calculation from limiting reagent

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