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1. reaction kinetics and mechanisms—rate equations, Arrhenius activation energy, SN1/SN2 mechanisms, iodine clock method, graphical rate interpretation

2. equilibria and thermodynamics—Kp expression, mole fraction and partial pressure calculation, temperature impact on equilibrium, Born–Haber cycles, entropy and enthalpy changes, reaction feasibility via ΔG or ΔS_total

3. acid–base chemistry—Ka and pH calculations, buffer formulation and behavior, titration curves, indicator selection, ionic equations involving weak acids and ammonium compounds

4. spectroscopy and structural determination—¹H and ¹³C NMR interpretation, mass spectra analysis, IR functional group identification, optical isomerism, polarimetry, TLC Rf value analysis

5. organic mechanisms and synthesis—carbonyl reactions with HCN, ester and amide formation, lactic acid racemic mixture formation, nucleophilic addition, ester hydrolysis, displayed/skeletal structure drawing

6. lattice energy and enthalpy cycles—Born–Haber diagram completion, lattice vs hydration enthalpy analysis, enthalpy of solution for ionic compounds, second electron affinity of oxygen justification

7. redox and energetics of iron compounds—enthalpy and entropy calculations in Fe₂O₃ and FeO reduction, feasibility temperature prediction, entropy behavior with temperature, lattice energy and ionisation energy derivation from Born–Haber data

Edexcel International AS/A Level Chemistry (WCH) Jun 2022

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Classification: Unit 4

Page count: 32

Viewed: 59

Last update: 2 months ago

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Chemistry WCH14/01 May June 2022 | Edexcel International A Level Past Papers With Mark Scheme

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