1. Earth structure and tectonics–core and mantle properties, tsunami causes, tectonic hazard primary impacts, volcanic and earthquake data analysis
2. Climate change and tropical cyclones–CO₂ and temperature correlation, natural climate change causes, Saffir-Simpson Scale data sources, Hurricane Matthew impact comparison by GDP and HDI
3. Global atmospheric systems–heat and moisture distribution, low-pressure rainfall zones, cyclone tracking with GIS, response method effectiveness in developed countries
4. Development dynamics–GDP and HDI indicators, health measurement via life expectancy, FDI trends in China and India, topography effects, top-down strategy drawbacks
5. Urbanisation and megacities–urban population growth, informal employment causes, land use patterns, megacity challenges (pollution, housing inequality), sustainability strategy assessment
6. Socio-economic variations–regional development differences in emerging countries, health impact from rapid development, rural-urban population shifts, quality of life disparity in megacities