1. Instrument playing the melody at the start of Esperanza Spalding′s extract
2. Sections in the extract: instrumental and verse
3. Rhythm descriptions for the melody and accompanying instruments
4. Description of the vocal melody in the extract
5. Comparison of the two extracts from Beethoven, focusing on tempo, tonality, and texture
6. Explanation of how rhythm and instrumentation create excitement in “Defying Gravity“ by Schwartz