1. Celestial observation identification: lunar features (crater, mare, rille), planetary moons near Jupiter, globular cluster, spiral galaxy recognition, safe solar viewing methods

2. Moon study: origin theories (capture, Giant Impact), internal structure (crust, mantle, core), far side observation via space probes, visible differences between near and far sides

3. Sun structure and nuclear processes: solar layers (core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere), temperature hierarchy, proton-proton fusion cycle, safe telescope use, magnification and focal length calculations

4. Space probe comparisons: fly-by vs. orbiter vs. impactor for Mars imaging, Earth-Mars distance calculation, orbital path analysis, Venus mission limitations (temperature, pressure), Venus–Earth similarities

5. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram tasks: labeling Sun, blue giant, supergiant, forces balancing stellar collapse (radiation, electron pressure), stellar lifecycle stages (planetary nebula), neutron star exclusion explanation

6. Cosmology: Big Bang vs. Steady State evidence (redshift, Hubble Deep Field, quasars), universe fate paths (open, closed, dark energy expansion), light travel time from Andromeda

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