1. Naked-eye astronomy applications: planispheres for constellation identification, pinhole projection for solar observation, radiant mapping for meteor showers, tidal phase correlation with Moon′s orbit

2. Celestial geometry and motion: superior conjunction, opposition, greatest elongation, solar declination, Moon transit observations, seasonal changes in lunar altitude

3. Earth structure and dynamics: crust, mantle, inner and outer core composition and state, Earth as an oblate spheroid, use of shadows and latitude measurement through sundials

4. Astronomical time concepts: sidereal vs synodic day, Equation of Time usage, GMT correction via sundials, time zone width calculations, solar motion-based navigation

5. Moon phases and tides: Moon-Earth-Sun alignment during neap and spring tides, lunar eclipse explanation, visual phase inversion between hemispheres, culmination timing

6. Kepler’s Third Law applications: T² ∝ r³ relationship plotted for Uranian moons, comparison between planetary systems, effect of planetary mass on orbital constants, ratio-based constant calculation for Saturn using Uranus data