2. Celestial geometry and motion concepts: solar analemma pattern, Equation of Time, Earth’s axial tilt and orbit eccentricity, sidereal vs synodic time, declination and zenith relationships
4. Observational astronomy at specific latitudes: St. Helena as ideal viewing site, visibility limits of circumpolar stars, celestial equator star altitude estimates, using Polaris and Mintaka for positional fixes
5. Historical and cultural astronomy: alignment of stone circles with solar and stellar events, axial precession affecting ancient alignments, solar year mapping at Callanish, Ptolemaic epicycles explaining retrograde motion
6. Planetary and cometary motion laws: inferior planet visibility phases, Mercury’s orbit positions and observational planning, Kepler’s Third Law applications to Comet Encke, orbital period and stellar mass influence on revolution time