1. Augustine and grace: doctrine of original sin, predestination, human incapacity for moral good without divine grace, Pelagian controversy, implications for free will and salvation 2. Anonymous Christians: Karl Rahner’s theory, inclusivism, natural law and conscience, debate with exclusivist views (e.g., Barth), pluralism vs doctrinal orthodoxy 3. Gender and secularism: Christian teachings on gender roles, complementarianism vs egalitarianism, feminist theology, cultural relativism, response to modern gender ideologies 4. Marx and religion: alienation in capitalist society, exploitation of labor, religion as opiate of the masses, liberation theology, critique of materialism and theological integration 5. Themes: theological anthropology, soteriology, inclusivism, feminist and political theology, historical and contemporary interpretation 6. 40-mark extended essay format; requires critical engagement with doctrinal sources, philosophical frameworks, and socio-cultural applications within Christian thought