The circulatory system booklet
The circulatory system booklet
- Unit 1: The human body
- Unit 2: Materials
- Unit 3: Rocks, the rock cycle and soil
- Unit 4: Food chains and food webs
- Unit 5: Forces and electricity
- Unit 6: Light and the Solar system
🌟 This Topic is About...
- ❤️ I will learn the parts of the circulatory system and what they do.
- 🐶 I will discover that animals have circulatory systems like ours.
- 📊 I will measure my pulse and put the results into tables.
- 🏃 I will test how exercise changes pulse rate by making a fair test.
- 🔎 I will check my results to see if my prediction was right.
- 📈 I will look for patterns and make a conclusion from results.
- 📚 I will find facts to help answer a science question.
- ❓ I will ask my own question and try to find the answer.
Get ready to be a heart scientist! 💓🔬
🌟 Key Words
- blood
- blood vessels
- carbon dioxide
- circulation
- circulatory system
- heart
- oxygen
- pressure
- pulse
📖 Tap to Learn the Meanings!
- 🩸 blood: The red liquid that carries oxygen and food around the body.
- 🩻 blood vessels: Tiny tubes (like pipes) that carry blood around the body.
- 🌬️ carbon dioxide: A gas our bodies make when we breathe out.
- 🔄 circulation: The movement of blood around the body.
- ❤️ circulatory system: The body’s system of the heart, blood, and vessels that move blood.
- 💓 heart: A strong muscle that pumps blood around the body.
- 🌬️ oxygen: A gas we breathe in that the body needs to live.
- 🎈 pressure: The force of blood pushing on the walls of the blood vessels.
- 💓 pulse: The beat you can feel when your heart pumps blood.
Awesome! You now know the key science words for this topic. 🎉
💡 Parts of the Circulatory System
The circulatory system carries food and oxygen to all parts of your body. It also carries waste substances that your body does not need. The circulatory system has three main parts: the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
❤️ The Heart
Put your hand on your chest. Can you feel your heart beating? Your heart is about the size of your fist and is found inside your chest, slightly to the left. It is protected by the ribs.
Your heart is a special muscle. Its job is to pump blood through your body. This process is called circulation. Every time the heart muscle contracts to pump blood, you can feel a heartbeat. It takes less than a minute to pump blood to every part of your body. The heart does this all the time and never stops.
💡 The Two Sides of the Heart
The heart has two sides. The left side pumps blood that contains oxygen all around the body. The right side pumps blood without oxygen to the lungs only. The drawing shows the flow of blood in the heart. When you look at the drawing, remember that the left side of the drawing shows the right side of the heart and the right side of the drawing shows the left side of the heart.
🩸 Blood Vessels and Blood
Blood is a red liquid that flows around the body. The blood carries food particles and oxygen to all parts of the body. It also picks up waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the body and carries them to organs which can get rid of them. Carbon dioxide is a waste gas that the body must get rid of. The kidneys and lungs are body organs that help the body get rid of waste products.
Blood moves through the body in the blood vessels. Look at the inside of your wrist. Sometimes you can see the blood vessels through your skin.
There are three kinds of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
🩸 How Blood Vessels Work
Each kind of blood vessel has a different structure and function in the body. The blood vessels run from the heart to the lungs, around the body and back to the heart. Blood always moves along the same pathway in the blood vessels.
❤️ Pathways of Blood
The heart pumps blood in arteries to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
The oxygen-rich blood travels back in veins from the lungs to the heart. These are the only veins that carry blood with oxygen.
The heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood in other arteries to the rest of the body.
The blood from the rest of the body, which is now low in oxygen, travels back to the heart in veins.
🤔 Fun Questions
1a. What does the heart do? ❤️
🌟 Show answer
1b. Why does it do this? 🔄
🌟 Show answer
2. What is a heartbeat? 💓
🌟 Show answer
3. Why does the heart pump blood to the lungs before it pumps blood to the rest of the body? 🫁➡️💪
🌟 Show answer
4. Why do we need three different types of blood vessels? 🩸🔀
🌟 Show answer
5. Describe to your partner the pathway of blood around the body. Make a cycle diagram to show this pathway. 🔄🩸
🌟 Show answer
🐸 Circulatory Systems of Other Animals
Many vertebrates have a similar circulatory system to ours. The pictures show the circulatory systems of a fish, a frog, and a bird.
💓 Heartbeat and Pulse
Your heart beats about 90 times a minute. When you are grown up it will beat about 70 times a minute. When you run around, your body needs a lot more food and oxygen. The more active you are, the more often your heart needs to beat to supply enough food particles and oxygen from the blood.
🩸 What is a Pulse?
You can count your heartbeats by feeling your pulse. Your pulse is caused by the pressure of the blood as the heart pumps it to the rest of the body.
👆 Finding Your Pulse
Two good places to find your pulse are on the side of your neck and the inside of your wrist. When you find your pulse you will feel a small beat under your skin. Each beat is caused by the contraction of your heart muscle.
🔍 Think like a Scientist 1
Measuring Pulse Rate
🧰 You will need: a watch ⌚ or timer ⏱️ that can time seconds
📝 Method:
- Find your pulse on your wrist or neck. 💓
- Count how many beats you feel in one minute. Repeat this three times. 🔄
- Record the results in a table. Is the number of beats the same each time? 📊
- Compare your measurements with others in your class. 👥
❓ Follow-up Questions:
🌟 Tap to See Answers
- 1: No, the pulse can change a little each time because of movement or breathing. 💨
- 2: Some people will have faster or slower pulses depending on age, size, or activity. 🏃♂️
Great job measuring like a scientist! 👏🌟
🔍 Think like a Scientist 2
How does exercise affect pulse rate?
📝 Plan a fair test: Find out how doing exercise affects your pulse rate.
- a) Make a prediction to answer the question. Say why you made this prediction.
b) How will you test your prediction? - Identify the variables in your investigation that you will:
- measure
- change
- keep the same
- Identify the equipment you will need. 🧰
- Decide how you will record and present your results. 📊
- Carry out your investigation and present your results. 👩🔬
💡 Follow-up Questions
1. Was your prediction correct? ✅❌
2. Describe any pattern you could see in the results. 📈
3. What conclusion could you make from your results? 🧠
4. Which two types of scientific enquiry did you use in the investigation? Explain your answer. 🔍
🌟 Tap to See Sample Answers
- 1: Yes, my prediction was correct – pulse rate increased after exercise. 🏃♂️💓
- 2: The results showed that more exercise time meant a higher pulse. 📊
- 3: The conclusion is that exercise makes the heart pump faster to supply oxygen. 🩸✨
- 4: We used a fair test (measuring before/after) and observing patterns over time. ⚖️⏳
Excellent investigation skills! 🌟👏
📊 How are we doing?
As a group, choose one of the faces as your answer to each of the questions. 🙂 😐 🙁
Could we:
- make a prediction with reasons?
- identify the different variables in the investigation?
- choose suitable materials and equipment to use?
- say how to record and present our results?
- work together to plan and carry out the investigation?
🔍 Think like a Scientist 3
Ask and investigate a question
🧑🤝🧑 You have investigated how exercise affects pulse rate. With a partner, think of another question about heartbeats and pulse rates that you would like to find the answer to.
🧠 Decide on the type of investigation you will use to answer your question; for example:
- a fair test ⚖️
- doing research 📚
- observing over time ⏳
🔎 Find out the answer to your question.
🗣️ Make a presentation to share with the class about your findings.
💡 Follow-up Questions
1. What question did you decide to investigate? 🤔
2. Why did you choose this question? 🧠
3. Which method (fair test, research, observation) did you use? ⚖️📚⏳
4. What did you discover from your investigation? 🔍
🌟 Tap to See Sample Answers
- 1: I decided to investigate if pulse rate is higher after climbing stairs. 🏃♂️
- 2: Because I noticed my heart beats faster when I run up. 💨
- 3: I used a fair test: measured pulse before and after exercise. ⚖️
- 4: I discovered the pulse rate increases after exercise to supply more oxygen. 🩸✨
Great scientific thinking! 🌟👏