This AQA AS Biology exam covers a variety of topics including cell biology, biochemistry, and genetics. Key areas include the structure and function of plant cells, including the roles of organelles such as the mitochondrion and Golgi apparatus. The paper also explores protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and cellular respiration, with questions on peptide bond formation and the importance of tertiary protein structure. Topics like the relationship between surface area and volume in organisms, the effects of substance X on root growth, and the mass flow hypothesis are also tested. Additionally, the exam evaluates understanding of diffusion, osmosis, and antibiotic resistance in bacteria.