This AQA AS Biology exam covers topics including ecology, biochemistry, genetics, and human biology. Key areas include statistical analysis of biological variation, DNA structure, and phosphodiester bond formation. The exam tests understanding of enzyme function, the cardiovascular system, and DNA replication. It explores the effect of environmental factors like temperature and chemicals on biological processes, as seen in beetroot experiments. Topics also include lymphatic transport of lipids, phloem pressure, and the relationship between transpiration and phloem function. The exam further assesses understanding of protein structure, immunology, and statistical methods in biological research.