The exam assesses foundational biology topics, including molecular biology, cellular structure, and physiology. Key themes are biomolecules, enzymatic processes, protein synthesis, and DNA/mRNA structural differences. Physiological concepts include oxygen uptake in lugworms, enzyme-substrate interactions, and iron ion transport regulation. Experimental methods are emphasized in questions on microscopy, antimicrobial effectiveness, and enzyme activity. Additional topics address tumor biology, mitotic index evaluation, immunity, fetal-maternal antibody transfer, and vaccine-induced herd immunity. Quantitative skills are integrated through calculations involving microbial growth, dissolved oxygen, and reaction rates, fostering data interpretation proficiency.