The exam emphasizes organic and physical chemistry concepts, including reaction mechanisms, bond enthalpy, combustion calculations, and equilibrium principles. Key topics include stereoisomerism, hydrocarbons′ structural analysis, polymerization, thermal cracking, and dehydration reactions. Practical applications involve titration for ethanedioic acid analysis, molecular mass determination using the ideal gas law, and percentage yield calculations. Analytical techniques assess IR spectroscopy and boiling point influences. Advanced concepts like carbocation rearrangements, free-radical reactions, and electrophilic attacks are explored. Stoichiometry, empirical and molecular formula derivation, and dynamic equilibrium integrate theoretical and practical understanding of chemical systems.