The exam covers inorganic and physical chemistry, emphasizing atomic structure, ion size comparisons, and periodic trends. Key topics include mole calculations, sodium fluoride′s concentration effects, and thermogravimetric analysis of hydrates. Equilibrium principles explore SO3 decomposition and Le Chatelier′s implications. Practical applications include calorimetry, titration accuracy, and mass spectrometry for isotopic analysis. Molecular shapes and bonding theories analyze krypton difluoride and silicon tetrafluoride structures. Intermolecular forces, bond angles influenced by lone pairs, and oxidation-reduction reactions of chlorine compounds are examined. Quantitative analysis integrates stoichiometric, empirical, and percentage yield calculations to develop problem-solving proficiency.