The exam addresses foundational computer science concepts, focusing on data representation, computational problem-solving, and hardware functionality. Topics include binary arithmetic, ASCII encoding, majority voting in error detection, and lossy versus lossless compression for digital audio. Architectural differences between Harvard and von Neumann models, assembly language programming, and addressing modes are explored. Networking concepts cover serial and parallel transmission, bit rate, latency, and wireless security through SSID and MAC filtering. Ethical and legal issues are analyzed in the context of Google’s Street View. Practical aspects include Boolean algebra simplification, truth table analysis, and laser printer operational mechanisms.