The exam covers computational problem-solving, algorithm design, and program modification. Key topics include prime number testing algorithms, procedural abstraction, and integer division operations. Programming tasks involve implementing user-input validation, series generation, and string manipulation using Morse code. Analytical focus includes debugging Morse code transmission errors, subroutine refinement, and local versus global variable usage. Advanced functionality explores encryption with a Caesar cipher using variable keys, creating data-driven outputs, and expanding program compatibility with numerals. Practical tasks integrate structured coding, pseudocode interpretation, and user interface design to enhance logical reasoning and programming proficiency in real-world applications.