This AS Geography Paper addresses physical geography and human-environment interactions. Section A covers water and carbon cycles, coastal systems, and glacial landscapes, focusing on feedback systems, carbon sequestration, coastal erosion processes, and permafrost changes. Section B explores natural hazards and urban environments, analyzing impacts of volcanic activity, tropical storms, gentrification, and economic inequality. The paper emphasizes environmental processes, urban resilience, climate impacts, and data interpretation through graphical and qualitative analysis, integrating theoretical and applied perspectives on global challenges.