This AS Geography Paper examines physical geography and human-environment interactions. Section A explores water and carbon cycles, coastal systems, and glacial landscapes, focusing on feedback mechanisms, flood hydrographs, carbon stores in tropical rainforests, coastal flooding risks, and submergent and emergent landform development. Section B addresses natural hazards and urban environments, analyzing impacts of tropical storms, earthquake effects, incineration versus landfill sustainability, and counter-urbanization. Key themes include climate change adaptation, population growth in urban areas, sustainable management, and the interplay between human and physical geography. The paper integrates data analysis and evaluative skills across diverse geographical contexts.