The exam paper examines the Crusader States and Outremer (c1071–1149), focusing on the establishment and sustainability of these states. Section A evaluates the factors behind the creation of Crusader States (1099–1120), emphasizing religious enthusiasm, military adaptation, leadership, and alliances. Section B explores the impact of Western intervention on the Byzantine Empire by 1099 and debates the significance of economic motives for Western Europeans traveling to Outremer (1124–1149). The questions highlight the interplay of religion, politics, economics, and military strategy during the Crusades.