The AS Physics paper evaluates mechanics, materials, waves, and particle physics concepts. Mechanics covers forces, momentum, and energy transfers, including frictional forces and motion analysis. Material properties include stress-strain relationships, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength calculations. Waves address topics such as phase difference, interference patterns, and optical diffraction using gratings. Particle physics focuses on ionization, specific charge, nuclear decay, and energy transitions. Practical applications involve electrical circuits, resistance measurements, and energy transfer calculations, incorporating real-world systems like ion propulsion. Questions require quantitative analysis, logical reasoning, and data interpretation, emphasizing core physical principles.