The AS Physics exam paper covers mechanics, electricity, waves, and particle physics. Mechanics includes forces, equilibrium, momentum, acceleration, Hooke’s Law, and elastic potential energy applications. Electrical topics involve current, EMF, resistance, and circuit analysis for heating elements and LEDs. Waves focus on optical diffraction, total internal reflection, refractive indices, and critical angles, including real-world optical fibers. Particle physics explores radioactive decay, specific charge, pair production, antiparticles, and line emission spectra. Practical applications involve experimental design, data interpretation, and real-world problem-solving related to motion systems, light behavior, and subatomic particle interactions.