The AS Physics exam paper focuses on particle physics, mechanics, waves, and electricity. Particle physics covers quark interactions, specific charge, photon energy, and pion decay. Mechanics evaluates force equilibrium, moments, projectile motion, and energy transfers involving tension and gravitational fields. Waves address interference, refractive index, phase differences, and wave superposition. Electricity includes current, resistance, EMF, internal resistance, and power calculations for circuits involving LEDs and batteries. Practical applications incorporate experimental techniques, energy efficiency, graph analysis, and real-world examples such as Mars helicopter dynamics, light reflection with polarization, and projectile motion