The June 2023 GCSE Psychology Paper 1 explores cognition and behavior, covering memory, perception, development, and research methods. Memory topics include the multi-store model, encoding processes, interference, and Bartlett’s “War of the Ghosts” study. Perception addresses visual illusions, perceptual sets, and Gibson’s direct theory. Development focuses on Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, McGarrigle’s naughty teddy study, and growth versus fixed mindsets. Research methods evaluate experimental design, sampling methods, questionnaire effectiveness, and ethical considerations in observation studies. Statistical analysis and data representation are integral throughout. Keywords: psychology, memory, perception, cognitive development, research methods, visual illusions, ethical considerations.