1. Thematic analysis of Arabic literary texts from the pre-Islamic and Abbasid periods. 2. Poetic exploration of childhood nostalgia and existential reflections in Nâzik al-Malaʾika's work. 3. Symbolism of loyalty and sacrifice in Tawfiq al-Hakim's Sulayman al-Hakim. 4. Philosophical portrayal of life and death in Naguib Mahfouz’s Half a Day and Above the Clouds. 5. Social critique of rural Lebanese traditions in Emily Nasrallah’s Birds of September. 6. Examination of societal oppression and divorce issues in Ghada al-Samman’s The Impossible Novel.