1. Augustus’ reforms, irrigation, grain production, and foundation of Nicopolis. 2. The role of Augustus’ family in maintaining his power. 3. The significance of the Battle of Actium and its aftermath. 4. Virgil’s exploration of fate and Rome’s future through Aeneas in Book 8. 5. The architectural legacy of Roman monuments and temples like the Pantheon. 6. Roman urban housing and the differences between Pompeii and Herculaneum.