1. Sketch-based problem-solving: design improvements for objects including attachment mechanisms for rotating hands, creating nets for coffee tables, and ergonomic designs for food mincers. 2. Materials and processes: use of materials like plywood, acrylic, foamboard, and corrugated card; waterproofing methods; mass production techniques for plastic shapes; and related safety precautions. 3. Engineering and design analysis: identification of functional and structural issues in products such as sunshades, birthday cake packaging, and wall-mounted lamps; modifications to improve design and usability. 4. Risk and impact assessment: importance of conducting risk assessments in manufacturing processes and considerations for safety, efficiency, and compliance. 5. 3D modeling and visualization: development of detailed sketches and pictorial renderings for solutions such as adjustable mirror stands, freestanding slot-together robots, and modular stage sets with movable components. 6. Integration of features: incorporating multi-functional designs like adjustable mirrors, integrated shoe racks, leaflet holders, and lighting control systems with independent settings and dimming capabilities. 7. Advanced design tasks: slot-together models, mechanical systems for opening/closing curtains, raising/lowering platforms, and creating durable promotional structures using foamboards or plywood.