The exam paper emphasizes higher-tier mathematics without calculator use, covering arithmetic, algebra, geometry, probability, and trigonometry. Arithmetic includes percentages, ratios, bounds, fractions, and standard form. Algebra involves solving equations, simultaneous equations, quadratic expressions, sequences, and graph transformations. Geometry addresses circle theorems, transformations, gradient calculations, and vector operations. Probability tasks include Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, and expected outcomes. Real-world applications feature proportional reasoning, financial calculations, and optimization. Additional topics include cumulative frequency, inequalities, constructing tangents, and trigonometric proofs involving sine, cosine, and tangent. Keywords: arithmetic, algebra, geometry, probability, transformations, quadratic expressions, circle theorems, trigonometry, real-world applications.