The exam paper explores fundamental economic principles, emphasizing market dynamics, production factors, consumer behavior, and economic efficiency. Topics include market structures (e.g., oligopoly), price mechanisms, externalities, elasticity, economies of scale, and resource allocation. Real-world applications such as the UK coffee shop market, disposable coffee cup consumption, and government interventions are analyzed. Key quantitative tasks involve calculating productivity, market share, and profit margins. The paper assesses knowledge of cost-benefit analysis, opportunity costs, and the socio-environmental impacts of economic activities, aiming to develop critical thinking and the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios.