The exam paper investigates microeconomic principles, addressing market structures, supply and demand dynamics, and externalities. Topics include factors of production, elasticity, opportunity cost, and misallocation of resources. Real-world applications analyze industries such as motor vehicles and retail toys. Key areas of focus include productivity, economies of scale, specialization, and the socio-economic impact of monopolies. Questions require quantitative skills for calculating market share, costs, and price changes. The paper emphasizes understanding market efficiency, consumer behavior, and the implications of government intervention to enhance competition and reduce market failures.