The exam paper explores Russian history from 1894 to 1945, focusing on Tsardom and Communism. Key areas include Lenin′s leadership, differing historical interpretations, and challenges faced before 1905. The impact of World War I on Russian society is analyzed, emphasizing economic and social consequences. Stalin′s modernization policies, specifically in agriculture and industry, are critically evaluated for their transformative effects. Topics assess knowledge of political reforms, industrial advancements, and social struggles during pivotal historical periods. The paper integrates source analysis, contextual understanding, and comparative evaluation to assess historical developments and their implications.