The exam paper explores fundamental biological principles, focusing on molecular biology, physiology, and ecology. Key topics include the structure and function of biological molecules, enzyme mechanisms, genetic inheritance, DNA replication, photosynthesis, respiration, biodiversity, and ecological interactions. It emphasizes the interpretation of experimental data, analysis of genetic variation, population dynamics, and the application of statistical methods. Keywords include “DNA structure,“ “enzyme activity,“ “photosynthesis light reactions,“ “genetic crosses,“ “population ecology,“ “statistical analysis,“ and “biodiversity indices.“ The content integrates critical thinking and practical understanding of biological concepts.